Lysophosphatidylcholine is a natural adjuvant that initiates cellular immune responses

Lysophosphatidylcholine is a natural adjuvant that initiates cellular immune responses.

The discovery of new adjuvants that can stimulate the immune response to protein antigens is a major issue for the development of subunit vaccines. Lipoprotein oxidation occurring during the acute phase response (APR) to aggression of the organism, provides signals of danger that are detected by dendritic cells (DC). Among other instructive molecules generated during the APR, lysophosphatidylch...

Antigen-Specific Th2 Responses in Aluminium Hydroxide Adjuvant Initiates

Platycodin D is a potent adjuvant of specific cellular and humoral immune responses against recombinant hepatitis B antigen.

The ideal adjuvants for hepatitis B vaccines should be capable of eliciting both strong humoral and cellular immune responses, especially Th1 cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, Alum used as adjuvants in the hepatitis B vaccines currently commercialized offers limitation in inducing cell-mediated response. Therefore, a less hemolytic saponin platycodin D (PD) from the root...

Why Believe That There Is a God?

This article presents an argument for the existence of God, showing that the evident phenomena are best explained by supposing that a God causes them. The argument is based on the inductive force of four very evident general phenomena: that there is a physical Universe; that it is governed by very simple natural laws; that those laws are such as to lead to the existence of human bodies; and tha...

Age-Dependent Cellular Immune Responses